Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED
SETTLEMENT
The following notation is used in this chapter:
SYMBOL DEFINITION
a
max
,
a
p
Maximum horizontal acceleration at ground surface (also known as peak ground accelera-
tion)
CSR
Cyclic stress ratio
D
r
Relative density
E
m
Hammer efficiency
F
Lateral force reacting to earthquake-induced base shear
FS, FS
L
Factor of safety against liquefaction
g
Acceleration of gravity
G
eff
Effective shear modulus at induced strain level
G
max
Shear modulus at a low strain level
H
Initial thickness of soil layer
H
1
Thickness of surface layer that does not liquefy
H
2
Thickness of soil layer that will liquefy during earthquake
H
Change in height of soil layer
k
0
Coefficient of earth pressure at rest
N
corr
Value added to (
N
1
)
60
to account for fines in soil
N
Uncorrected SPT blow count (blows per foot)
N
1
Japanese standard penetration test value for Fig. 7.1
(
N
1
)
60
N
value corrected for field testing procedures and overburden pressure
OCR
Overconsolidation ratio
vm
/
v
0
q
c
1
Cone resistance corrected for overburden pressure
r
d
Depth reduction factor
u
e
Excess pore water pressure
V
Base shear induced by earthquake
Earthquake-induced maximum differential settlement of foundation
v
Volumetric strain
eff
Effective shear strain
7.1
