Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER 6
LIQUEFACTION
The following notation is used in this chapter:
SYMBOL
DEFINITION
a
Acceleration
a
max
Maximum horizontal acceleration at ground surface (also known as peak ground
acceleration)
C
b
Borehole diameter correction
C
N
, C
v
Correction factor to account for overburden pressure
C
r
Rod length correction
CRR
Cyclic resistance ratio
CSR, SSR
Cyclic stress ratio, also known as the seismic stress ratio
D
r
Relative density
e
i
Initial void ratio
E
m
Hammer efficiency
F
Horizontal earthquake force
FS
Factor of safety against liquefaction
g
Acceleration of gravity
k
0
Coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest
LL
Liquid limit
m
Mass of the soil column
M
L
Local magnitude of earthquake
M
s
Surface wave magnitude of earthquake
M
w
Moment magnitude of earthquake
N
60
N
value corrected for field testing procedures
(
N
1
)
60
N
value corrected for field testing procedures and overburden pressure
q
c
1
Cone resistance corrected for overburden pressure
r
d
Depth reduction factor
u
e
Excess pore water pressure
V
s
Shear wave velocity measured in field
V
s
1
Shear wave velocity corrected for overburden pressure
w
Water content
W
Weight of soil column
z
Depth below ground surface
t
Total unit weight of soil
dc
Cyclic deviator stress (cyclic triaxial test)
v
0
Total vertical stress
0
Effective confining pressure
v
0
Vertical effective stress
cyc
Uniform cyclic shear stress amplitude of earthquake
d
Cyclic shear stress
max
Maximum shear stress
6.1
