Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 5.14
Empirical correlation between cone resistance, vertical effective stress, and friction angle
for clean quartz sand deposits.
Note:
1 kg
cm
2
approximately equals 1 ton
ft
2
(
Adapted from Robertson and
Campanella 1983; reproduced from Coduto 1994.
)
1999, 2001a). Special laboratory tests used to model the engineering behavior of the soil sub-
jected to earthquake loading are typically not performed in practice. For example, in terms of
assessing liquefaction potential, Seed (1987) states: “In developing solutions to practical
problems involving the possibility of soil liquefaction, it is the writer's judgment that field
case studies and in situ tests provide the most useful and practical tools at the present time.”
Section 5.5.1 discusses the shear strength of the soil, which is an important parameter
needed for earthquake analyses of foundations, slopes, and retaining walls. Section 5.5.2
briefly discusses the cyclic triaxial test, which is a valuable laboratory test used for the
research of the dynamic properties of soil. Appendix A (Glossary 2) presents a list of lab-
oratory testing terms and definitions.
