Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 4.10
Building collapse caused by a soft story at the first-floor level. The damage occurred during
the Izmit earthquake in Turkey on August 17, 1999. (
Photograph by Mehmet Celebi, USGS.
)
FIGURE 4.11
Building tilting and damage caused by a soft story due to a ground-floor crawl space. The
damage occurred during the El Asnam earthquake in Algeria on October 10, 1980. (
Photograph from the
Godden Collection, EERC,
University of California, Berkeley.
)
